Cambridge Lower Secondary Checkpoint Science: Physics II: Energy, Electricity, Magnetism, and Waves

Energy, electricity, magnetism, and waves

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Energy stores and transfers (multi-step reasoning):

A cyclist travels down a hill. The cyclist starts at the top at rest. Halfway down, the cyclist is moving fast and the brakes are applied gently for the rest of the descent so the cyclist reaches the bottom at a steady lower speed.

Which statement is the best description of the overall energy changes?

Select one option.

Gravitational potential energy is destroyed; it disappears because the brakes remove it.
Kinetic energy is converted directly into gravitational potential energy as the cyclist goes down.
Gravitational potential energy decreases; it is transferred mainly to kinetic energy and to thermal energy in the brakes/tyres/air.
Thermal energy is created from nothing because friction makes heat.
All the energy becomes sound energy because brakes are noisy.

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